【世界说】美媒：美执法机构依赖技术导致错误抓捕 有色人种被误识可能性高于白人100倍******
中国日报网1月4日电 据美联社3日报道，日前美国路易斯安那州执法部门因使用面部识别技术，导致一名乔治亚州男子被误认为是逃犯而被捕，律师表示，案件再次引起人们对数码工具使用中的种族差异的关注。
据《泰晤士—皮卡尤恩报》/《新奥尔良倡导者报》报道，28岁的黑人男子兰德尔·里德（Randall Reid）于2022年11月底在佐治亚州迪卡尔布县被捕入狱。他的律师汤米·卡洛杰罗（Tommy Calogero）说，执法部门错误地将里德与发生在杰斐逊教区和巴吞鲁日的钱包盗窃案联系起来。里德于11月25日被捕，12月1日被释放。他的被捕引起了人们对该技术新的关注，批评人士认为，这项技术导致有色人种的误认率高于白人。
“他们告诉我，我有一张杰斐逊教区的逮捕令。我说，‘杰斐逊教区是什么?’”里德说。“我从未去过路易斯安那州。然后他们告诉我这是偷窃罪。但我不仅没去过路易斯安那州，也没有偷东西。”
据《纽约时报》报道，法庭记录显示，巴吞鲁日警察局的一名探员根据杰斐逊教区警长办公室对里德的识别，得到逮捕令，指控里德是同一周另一起奢侈钱包盗窃案的三名嫌疑人之一。杰斐逊警长乔·洛平托（Joe Lopinto）办公室未对此案及该机构对面部识别的使用等相关问题作出回应。
里德的案件再次引起了人们对路易斯安那州和其他地方使用面部识别工具的关注。执法部门使用面部扫描和人工智能辅助面部识别软件在美国引起了激烈的争论，并与关于种族不平等的对话交织在一起。一些研究表明，该技术更有可能错误识别黑人和其他有色人种，而不是白人，从而导致错误逮捕。
皮尤研究中心2022年的一份报告发现，66%的美国成年人表示，他们认为面部识别技术用于监控黑人和西班牙裔社区的频率将远高于其他社区。另据华盛顿邮报此类报道，在2019年美国的一项联邦研究中被测试的几个算法的结果显示，与白人相比，误识别黑人或亚洲人面孔的可能性高达100倍。
一些人认为，面部识别技术应该只用于为警察提供线索，而不是作为唯一的证据，而且警察不应过分依赖其结果，也不应将其应用于所有低级别犯罪。还有批评人士认为，那些过分信任系统结果的官员——或者像研究人员在一些警察部门发现的证据那样，为了获得更好的结果而改变搜索图像，最终可能会把举证的责任推给无辜的人，他们可能不会被告知逮捕他们时使用了什么调查手段。
（编译：马芮 编辑：韩鹤）
中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
